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Big Data Visualization Techniques: Unlocking Insights from Complex Data image
May 01, 2024
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Big Data Visualization Techniques: Unlocking Insights from Complex Data

In 1999, "big data" was referred to as 1 GB. Nowadays, it represents vast quantities of information, measured in petabytes (1024 terabytes), exabytes (1024 petabytes), or even zettabytes (1024 exabytes).  Such data volumes may consist of billions or even trillions of records generated by billions of individuals worldwide. So, how do companies deal with these massive silos? When vital insights begin to get lost in a sea of numbers, data visualization comes in handy. Data visualization tools not only help organize large volumes of data but also streamline informed-decision making and revelation of trends. In the business world, visualization is a valuable asset used in various stages, from making staffing decisions to customizing discounts for individual customers. In this article, we will define what big data visualization is, observe its key techniques, and examine primary types, as well as provide a comparison chart of the 8 most common and effective data visualization tools.

What is data visualization and why do companies need it? 

Besides the myriad of tools available for data mapping, cleaning, and analysis, data visualization tools serve as invaluable resources for making informed decisions regarding business processes and dynamics. Picture this: A product manager at a large-scale software development company strives to optimize the user experience for one of their clients' mobile apps.  They have access to a wealth of data about user interactions, including page views, click-through rates, and user demographics. However, sorting through the raw data is challenging, making it difficult to identify patterns or areas for improvement. This is where data visualization tools can be helpful, allowing product managers and data analysts to gain insights more efficiently. In the scenario described above, through interactive dashboards and visual charts depicting user behavior, both product managers and executives can quickly identify trends, such as which features are most popular among different user segments or where users encounter bottlenecks in the app's navigation. In simple terms, data visualization is the visual representation of information and analytics using graphs, diagrams, maps, and dashboards. Unlike numbers in tables and documents, which can be hard to interpret, visual formats provide a clear and comprehensive view of relationships between processes, growth trends, and indicator dependencies.

Three key principles of visualization

To ensure that visualization of analytical data truly adds value and isn't just another tool in the toolbox, it's important to adhere to certain principles.

Principle 1. Logic

Before building a chart or diagram, establish a clear goal—what do you aim to communicate?
  • Define a specific objective for presenting information. Creating visuals just for the sake of it is a common pitfall.
  • Organize data logically based on the objective: from broader to finer details or vice versa.
  • Select the most appropriate type of data visualization that enhances information comprehension. For instance, a pie chart may not be suitable if there are numerous indicators or if the total doesn't sum up to 100%.
  • Maintain consistency in chart types when presenting information. Using different chart types for comparison can confuse users.
  • Directly label data on the chart to facilitate the brain's ability to grasp the complete picture and draw conclusions swiftly.

Principle 2. Simplicity

  • Simplify visualization by minimizing unnecessary elements such as logos, dates, or visual clutter. A simpler graph leads to quicker comprehension.
  • Opt for a concise design. Avoid 3D effects, as they distract readers from the information without serving any purpose.
  • Remember, design should not overshadow the data and its insights. Avoid unnecessary distractions that do not convey useful information.
  • Stick to the principle of one task per graph. Attempting to present all company information for the year in a single dashboard can overwhelm viewers.

Principle 3. Color

  • Adhere to commonly accepted color conventions: highlight "correct" information in green and "incorrect" information in red. Be mindful of cultural differences if working with international partners.
  • Maintain a consistent color scheme throughout your visualizations. Inconsistencies in color can lead to confusion and may inadvertently highlight certain data over others.

Key data visualization techniques

To ensure effective data visualization, analysts employ over 60 visualization techniques, including various types of diagrams, charts, dashboards, and maps.  Let's explore some of the most popular visualization techniques and their respective purposes.

Types of diagrams

Pie chart illustrating budget allocation using data visualization techniques: 67% savings, 37% food, 21% entertainment, and 7% clothes, in distinct colors with labels. This visualization method is suitable for illustrating parts of a whole. However, it's recommended to avoid using it when there are over five indicators. It works well for showcasing one or two parts of a whole, such as a company's market share. A histogram unlocking insights into the frequency of arrivals per minute, with bars colored from light to dark green and one in blue, peaking around 6 arrivals. Histograms work perfectly for precise data comparison, as well for demonstrating relationships between different data points. They are particularly effective for visualizing frequent fluctuations.  Conversely, if changes are minimal, a line chart is preferable. For example, when illustrating currency exchange rates, a difference of a few cents may go unnoticed. Bar chart Similar to histograms, bar charts feature distinct spacing between columns, allowing for easy comparison without losing meaning. They are best suited for comparing categorical data when there are more than five indicators. Line chart showing a rising trend in data points from 1820 to 2000, with significant increases after 1920, illustrating effective big data visualization. Utilizing points and curves, line charts depict data changes. They are useful for gauging overall trends, even when data is unavailable for every day. Data visualization techniques applied to an area chart displaying the monthly profit of a grocery store chain from January to June, with values ranging from $5,000 to $35,000. A variation of the line chart, area charts display quantitative data, often over a period of time. For instance, they can illustrate a company's monthly expenditures on logistics, employee salaries, and taxes, providing insights into changes over time. A dashboard employing advanced data visualization techniques displays business metrics including new wins, trial win rate, new mrr, page views, and mrr stats by country with various charts and percentages. Businesses often analyze datasets from various platforms and systems. Dashboards serve as interactive data visualization tools, allowing users to display all analytics on one screen. Unlike static graphics, dashboards are dynamic tools that support real-time information updates.  They enable filtering, and selecting one element can trigger changes in dependent visualizations. Multiple team members can access dashboards, facilitating collaborative work where each member oversees their respective area. Scatter plot demonstrating the relationship between temperature in degrees Celsius and sales in dollars, utilizing Big Data Visualization with data points plotted on a grid. Scatter plots serve as valuable tools for showing relationships between two variables and are frequently used in regression data analysis. Color-coded heat map depicting levels of impact against likelihood, utilizing big data visualization techniques, ranging from low (green) to catastrophic (red) across a 5x5 grid. This graphical representation is instrumental in visualizing behavioral data based on location, whether it's geographical coordinates on a map or interactions on a webpage. A tree map visualization displaying financial allocations across departments like sales, accounting, and IT in various colors, offering complex data insights. Tree maps depict hierarchical data through nested shapes, usually rectangles. They are perfect when comparing proportions between categories by visualizing their relative area sizes. The modern software landscape offers a plethora of data visualization tools, ranging from free online services to expensive corporate packages like Excel, Google Sheets, Google Data Studio, RStudio, Tableau, Power BI, QlikView, OWOX BI Smart Data, and SAS. Most of them not only provide built-in tools for dataset analysis but also allow customization and adaptation of source code to suit specific projects. Some also allow for the creation of interactive dynamic reports.  Notably, some of these tools (Chart.js, Raw, Dygraphs, ZingChart, FusionCharts Suite XT, D3.js, and many others) are plugins or libraries that can be integrated with other tools used by Data Scientists. Below is a comparison chart with the most popular data visualization tools organized by their core features, strengths, and intended user groups, to help you choose the right tool based on your specific needs and business context. Table showing comparison of data analytics tools, including Zoho Analytics and Tableau, highlighting features like data preparation, integration capabilities, and Big Data Visualization techniques.

The bottom line

Transforming complex data into captivating visuals isn't just about making informed decisions; it's about boosting innovation and seizing a competitive advantage. With the right data visualization tools, your organization can turn data into a story—a story that drives action and propels success. But not all tools are created equal. That's where Kanda comes in. With our expertise and tailored solutions, we empower businesses to achieve their tangible goals in using data to its maximum potential. With Kanda’s team of experts, you'll seamlessly integrate data visualization into your workflow, inspiring creativity, and fostering a culture of innovation. Let us be your partner in turning numbers into insights and actions. Contact our team today.

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